10th class biology chapter 14 Reproduction on Newsongoogle.com by Bilal Article

Shorts and Simple Question & Answers

Q1. Define reproduction.
Ans. Reproduction is defined as the production of individuals of the same species i.e. the next generation of species.

Q2. What are types of reproduction?
Ans. (i) Asexual reproduction
It means the simple cell division that produces an exact duplicate of an organism.
(ii) Sexual reproduction
It involves the joining of male and female sex cells i.e gametes.

Q3. Define binary fission.
Ans. Binary fission means division into two. It is the simplest and most common method of asexual reproduction. It occurs in prokaryotes, many unicellular eukaryotes e.g. protozoa and some invertebrates.

Q4. What is Fragmentation?
Ans. The type of asexual reproduction in which the organisms break up into pieces. For example, planarian breaks into 8-9 pieces instead of two.

Q5. Define Budding.
Ans. It is the type of asexual reproduction in which a bud develops as a small outgrowth on parents body. For example, in yeast, a small bud is formed on one side of body of cell. The nucleus of cell divides and one of the nucleus is passed on to bud and form new cell.

Q6. Differentiate between spore and endospore.
Ans. Spore
In most of fungi like rhizopus, when they reaches at reproduction age, its body cells form thick walled sacs called sporangia. Inside each sporangia, a cell divides many times and forms many daughter cells called spore.
Endospore
Under unfavourable conditions, some species of bacteria reproduce by forming spores e.g., Clostridium and Bacillus species. Thick walled spores are formed inside bacterial cell. This is called endospores.

Q7. Define Parthenogenesis.
Ans. Type of asexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into new offspring. For example, some fishes, frogs and insects reproduce by means of parthenogenesis.

Q8. What is Vegetative propagation?
Ans. When vegetative parts of plants i.e. the roots, stems or leaves give rise to new plants, the process is called vegetative propagation.

Q9. What is Cuttings?
Ans. In this method, cuttings may be taken mainly from stems or roots of parent plant. When cuttings are placed in a suitable soil and under light conditions, they may form roots and shoots. These roots and shoots grow and develop into a new plant. Examples are roses, ivy and grapevines.

Q10. Define Grafting.
Ans. In this method, a piece of stem is cut from the plant and is attached with another plant. After a while, the vascular system of attached stem and the host plant are connected. The stem piece and the plant begin to grow together. Examples are Roses, peach trees and various seedless fruits.

Q11. What is Alternation of Generation in plants.
Ans. In the life cycle of flowering plants, the two generations alternate with each other. The phenomenon in which the sporophyte generation gives rise to gametophyte and gametophyte generation gives rise to sporoplyte is called alternation of generation.

Q12. Define Double fertilization.
Ans. The type of fertilization in which one sperm fuses with egg and forms a zygote. The other sperm fuses with the diploid fusion nucleus and forms a triploid endosperm nucleus. This process is called double fertilization.

Q13. What is Pollination?
Ans. The transfer of pollen grains from flower’s anther to stigma.
Types
a) Self pollination
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or the other flower of same plant.
b) Cross pollination
The transfer of pollen grains from the flower on one plant to the flower on other plant of same
species.

Q14. What is seed coat?
Ans. It is the outer protective covering of a seed. It may be paper thin layer or thick and hard. Seed coat protects embryo from mechanical injury and from drying.

Q15. Define Hilum.
Ans. Hilum is a scar on seed coat, where the seed is attached to ovary wall.

Q16. Give the Difference between epicotyl and hypocotyl.
Ans. The embryonic stem above the point of attachment to cotyledon is called epicotyl and the embryonic stem below the point of attachment to cotyledon is called hypocotyl.

Q17. Differentiate between epigeal and hypogeal germination. (Board 2013)
Ans. In epigeal germination, the hypocotyl elongates and forms a hook, pulling the cotyledons above the ground, e.g. beans and cotton while in hypogeal germination, the epicotyl elongates and forms the hook, the cotyledons stay underground e.g. pea and maize.

Q18. Define Germination.
Ans. It is a process by which a seed embryo develops into a seedling.

Q19. What is Fertilization?
Ans. After the formation of gametes, fertilization occurs. These are of two types:
(a) External fertilization
In external fertilization, egg cells are fertilized outside the body. It requires both the male and the female animals to release their gametes into their surroundings at the same time. It occurs in most
of the invertebrates, fishes and amphibians.
(b) Internal fertilization
In internal fertilization, egg cells are fertilized within the reproductive tract of female. It occurs in reptiles, birds and mammals.

Q20. Define Semen.
Ans. It is the materials containing sperms in a fluid. It consists of 10% sperms and 90% fluid.

Q.21 Define acrosome.
Ans. Cap-like head of sperm cell which helps it in penetrating the egg cell is called acrosome.

Q.22 What do you know about cervix?
Ans: In female reproductive system, the part which separates uterus from vagina is called cervix.

Q.23 What is Cowper’s gland? Where sperms of male are deposited.
Ans: An accessory gland in rabbit’s male reproductive system which provides lubrication to the ducts. Cervix is the portion of uterus where sperms of male are deposited.

Q.24 Define Epididimys.
Ans: A storage area for sperms on the upper part of the testes is called epididimys.

Q.25 Define Fallopian tube.
Ans: A part of the female reproductive system, receives egg cell discharged from the ovary.

Q.26 What is Follicle?
Ans: A structure in the ovary in which the mature egg develops.

Q.27 What is parthenocarpy?
Ans: The process in which ovaries develop into fruit without the fertilization inside the ovules present in them, it results in seedless fruits e.g. bananas.

Q.28 What is prostate glands?
Ans: An accessory gland in the male reproductive system, produces a secretion that neutralizes the acidity..

Q.29 What is seminal vesicle?
Ans: The associated gland in male reproductive system produces secretions having nutrients for the sperms.

Q.30 Define seminiferous tubule.
Ans: These are coiled tubes present in testes and sperms are formed in these tubules.

Q.31 Define uterus horn.
Ans: The two separate parts of the uterus in the female rabbit are like horns so they are called uterus horns.

Q.32 What is vas deferens?
Ans: The tubes that carry sperms from each testis to the urethra.

Q.33 How multiple fission in Amoeba takes place?
Ans: Some unicellular organisms (e.g. Amoeba) form hard walls called cysts around them under unfavourable conditions. When favourable, conditions return, the nucleus of parent divides into many daughter nuclei and the division of cytoplasm occurs.
Each cytoplasm along with nucleus form daughter cell, so a large number of daughter cells are formed from a single parent. This is how multiple fission takes place in Amoeba.

Q.34 What is difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
Ans: The process of formation of sperms in testes is called spermatogenesis while the process of formation of eggs in ovaries is called oogenesis.

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MCQs

1.Growing an entire new plant from part of the original plant is called;
(a) Budding
(b) Regeneration
(c) Fragmentation
(d) Vegetative propagation✅

2.Rhizopus reproduces asexually by;
(a) Binary fission
(b) Budding
(c) Spore formation✅
(d) Endospore formation

3.A corm develops into new garlic plant.
This is the process of;
(a) Vegetative propagation✅
(b) Regeneration
(c) Meiosis
(d) Gametogenesis

4.Which is not an advantage of grafting?
(a) The graft is identical to the parent plant
(b) Grafting allows the propagation of seedless fruits
(c) The graft combines the characteristics of two plants✅
(d) Grafting may allow for the faster production of desirable fruits

5.Pollination is the transfer of pollens from;
(a) Anther to stigma✅
(b) Stigma to anther
(c) Sepal to petal
(d) Petal to sejpal

6.Double fertilization in plants means;
(a) Fusion of two sperms with two egg cells
(b) Fusion of cone sperm with egg cell and other sperm with fusion nucleus✅
(c) Fusion of two sperms with single egg cell
(d) Fusion of tube nucleus with fusion nucleus and sperm egg cell

7.After fertilization in plants, the fruit develops from;
(a) Ovule wall
(b) Ovary wall,✅
(c) Petals
(d) Anther

8.Which part of female reproductive system receives egg cells from the ovary?
(a) Fallopian tube✅
(b) Uterus
(c) Vagina
(d) Collecting duct

9.Inside testes, sperms are produced in;
(a) Vas deferens
(b) Sperm duct
(c) Seminiferous tubules✅
(d) Collecting duct

10.Which of these cell has haploid number of chromosomes?
(a) Spermatogonium
(b) Primary spermatocyte
(c) Secondary spermatocyte✅
(d) All of these

11.During binary fission, the nucleus of parent organism divides into two by;
(a) Sexual reproduction
(b) Meiosis
(c) Mitosis✅
(d) None of these

12.If a planarian breaks into many pieces instead of two, it will be called;
(a) Budding
(b) Spore formation
(c) Binary fission
(d) Fragmantaion✅

13.In fungi, the spore is covered by a thick wall called;
(a) Sporangium
(b) Sporophyte
(c) Cyst✅
(d) Endospores

14.The eggs of the honeybee remain unfertilized and develops into haploid males by;
(a) Budding
(b) Parthenocarpy
(c) Regeneration
(d) Parthenogenesis✅

15.In tissue culture technique, cell starts mitosis and produce masses of cells called;
(a) Clonning
(b) Graftings
(c) Calluses✅
(d) Rhizome

16.During binary fission, how many cells are formed?
(a) Two daughter cells✅
(b) Four cells
(c) Many cells
(d) All of these

17.In the buds do not detach from 17. In the parent body.
(a) Hydra
(b) Amoeba
(c) Bacteria
(d) Corals✅

18.Spores which are formed inside bacterial cells are called;
(a) Cysts
(b) Spores
(c) Endospores✅
(d) All of these

19.Which of followings reproduces by bulbs?
(a) Garlic
(b) Ginger
(c) Ferns
(d) Tulips✅

20.Which method of propagation is also called micro-propagation?
(a) Cuttings
(b) Tissue culture✅
(c) Grafting
(d) Suckers

21.Flowers of wind pollination produce;
(a) Petals
(b) Nectar
(c) No nectar✅
(d) Do not reproduce

22.Buttercup is an example of;
(a) Wind pollinated flower
(b) Insect pollinated flower✅
(c) Water pollinated flower
(d) None of these

23.Which of these germinate by epigeal germination?
(a) Pea
(b) Maize
(c) Beans✅
(d) Coconut

24.The optimum temperature for the germination of the seeds of most plants ranges from;
(a) 20-30° C
(b) 25-35°C
(c) 25-30°C✅
(d) 20-25°C

25.Many diploid oogonia are present in;
(a) Follicles
(b) Sperms
(c) Spermatids
(d) Scrotum

26.In which group of mammals, the fertilized egg does not develop inside the mother’s body?
(a) Chordates✅
(b) Egg laying mammals
(c) Placental mammals
(d) All of these

27.Where the sperms of rabbit are produced?
(a) Cowper’s glands
(b) Prostate gland✅
(c) Collecting ducts
(d) Seminiferous tubules

28.Where the sperms of male rabbit are deposited in the female rabbit?
(a) Horns
(b) Cervix
(c) Follicle
(d) Ovaries✅

29.Horizontal underground stems are called:
(a) Corms
(b) Rhizomes
(c) Tubers✅
(d) Bulbs

21.Flowers of wind pollination produce;
(a) Petals
(b) Nectar✅
(c) No nectar
(d) Do not reproduce

22.Buttercup is an example of;
(a) Wind pollinated flower
(b) Insect pollinated flower✅
(c) Water pollinated flower
(d) None of these

23.Which of these germinate by epigeal germination?
(a) Pea
(b) Maize
(c) Beans✅
(d) Coconut

24.The optimum temperature for the germination of the seeds of most plants ranges from;
(a) 20-30° C
(b) 25-35°C
(c) 25-30°C✅
(d) 20-25°C

25.Many diploid oogonia are present in;
(a) Follicles✅
(b) Sperms
(c) Spermatids
(d) Scrotum

26.In which group of mammals, the fertilized egg does not develop inside the mother’s body?
(a) Chordates
(b) Egg laying mammals✅
(c) Placental mammals
(d) All of these

27.Where the sperms of rabbit are produced?
(a) Cowper’s glands
(b) Prostate gland
(c) Collecting ducts
(d) Seminiferous tubules✅

28.Where the sperms of male rabbit are deposited in the female rabbit?
(a) Horns
(b) Cervix✅
(c) Follicle
(d) Ovaries

29.Horizontal underground stems are called:
(a) Corms
(b) Rhizomes
(c) Tubers✅
(d) Bulbs

30.Which part of flower is changed into fruit?
(a) Ovule
(b) Ovary✅
(c) Petals
(d) Anther

31.An example of Rhizome is:
(a) Onion
(b) Garlic
(c) Ginger✅
(d) potato

32.Method of asexual reproduction found in Amoeba is:
(a) Binary Fission✅
(b) Fragmentation
(c) Budding
(d) Spore formation

33.Double fertilization is a feature of:
(a) Seedless plants
(b) Gymnosperms
(c) Flowering plants✅
(d) Ferns

34.Simplest and common method of asexual reproduction is:
(a) Tissue culture
(b) Parthenogenesis
(c) Cloning
(d) Binary fission✅

35.Gametophyte is produced from:
(a) Gametes
(b) Zygote
(c) Spores✅
(d) Sporophyte

36.Roses, ivy, grapevines and sugarcane reproduce by:
(a) Leaves
(b) Suckers
(c) Cuttings✅
(d) Suckers and Cuttings

37.In which of the following, hypogeal germination takes place;
(a) Beans
(b) Maize✅
(c) Cotton
(d) Papaya

38.When was NACP established?
(a) 1947
(b) 1997
(c) 1987✅
(d) 2000

39.Into which part, ovule changes after fertilization?
(a) Fruit
(b) Seed✅
(c) Flower
(d) Leaf

40.In Honeybee the drones are:
(a) Female flies
(b) Male flies✅
(c) Workers
(d) Male and female flies

41.When Pakistan Federal Ministry of Health established NACP?
(a) 1947
(b) 1977
(c) 1987✅
(d) 2010

42.In rabbit, embryo develops into a new offspring in:
(a) 40-42 days
(b) 30-40 days
(c) 30-32 days✅
(d) 280 days

43.By the end of 2010, our population was:
(a) 176 million✅
(b) 400 million
(c) 180 million
(d) 500 million

44.In male rabbit, each testis consists of a mass of coiled tubes called the:
(a) Epididimys
(b) Cowper’s gland
(c) Seminiferous tubules✅
(d) Vas deferens

45.When secondary oocyte completes Meiosis II, how many haploid cells result:
(a) 2✅
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5

46.Which of the following are internal conditions for germination of seed:
(a) Oxygen
(b) Live embryo
(c) Sufficient food storage
(d) Live embryo and sufficient food storage✅

47.The endosperm nucleus is:
(a) Haploid
(b) Diploid
(c) Triploid✅
(d) Tetraploid

48.Which of the following reproduces by grafting?
(a) Ivy
(b) Pather Chut
(c) Plum Trees✅
(d) Both Ivy and Pather Chut

49.The second whorl of the flower is:
(a) Calyx
(b) Corolla✅
(c) Androecium
(d) Gynoecium

50.In which of the following, an unfertilized egg develops into new offspring?
(a) Vegetative propagation
(b) Spore formation
(c) Parthenogenesis✅
(d) Budding

51.Binary fission does not take place in:
(a) Echinoderms
(b) Bacteria
(c) Planaria
(d) Hydra✅

52.Which of the following also reproduces through fragmentation?
(a) Planaria✅
(b) Hydra
(c) Bacterium
(d) Yeast

53.Which generation is haploid?
(a) Sporophyte
(b) Endospore
(c) Gametophyte✅
(d) Sporophyte and Endospore

54.Female reproductive part of flower is:
(a) Androecium
(b) Calyx
(c) Corolla
(d) Gynoecium✅

55.Ferns reproduce by:
(a) Corms
(b) Rhizome✅
(c) Tubers
(d) Bulb

56.In most plants, Sporophyte is:
(a) Small in size
(b) Dominant
(c) Independent
(d) Dominant and independent✅

57.Spermatids are:
(a) Motile
(b) Active
(c) Non-motile✅
(d) Sperms

58.Which forms egg cell?
(a) Follicles
(b) Primary oocytes
(c) First polar body
(d) Secondary oocyte✅

59.Placenta is a structure which belongs to:
(a) birds
(b) mammals✅
(c) reptiles
(d) amphibians

60.UNFPA works in how many countries?
(a) 150
(b) 160
(c) 140✅
(d) 100

61.Ovary change into after ripen:
(a) Into seed
(b) Into fruit✅
(c) Into flower
(d) Into nectar

62.Sperms and fluid collectively called:
(a) Hormones
(b) Semen✅
(c) Follicle
(d) Scrotum

63.In which of the following animal groups, external fertilization takes place;
(a) Reptiles
(b) Amphibians✅
(c) Birds
(d) Mammals

64.Pollen grains are produced in anther. of flower by:
(a) Meiosis✅
(b) Mitosis
(c) Binary fission
(d) Multiple fission

65.Rhizopus reproduces by:
(a) Binary Fission
(b) Budding
(c) Spore formation✅
(d) Parthenogenesis