Class10th Chemistry Unit 10 Question and Answer On Newsongoogle By Bilal Articles

Explore Class 10th Chemistry Unit 10 with detailed questions and answers curated by Bilal Articles on Newsongoogle. Enhance your understanding of chemistry through insightful explanations and comprehensive study materials.

Unit 10

Q1. What is meant by Acid?

Ans: The acid is derived from the Latin word “Acidius” meaning sour. Acid is a substance which has sour taste and turns blue litmus red.

Q2. Write down characteristic properties of Acid and bases

Ans: Acids: a) Acids have sour taste for example unripe citrus fruit or lemon juice b) They turn blue litmus red c) They are corrosive in concentrated form d) Their aqueous solutions conduct electric current Bases: i. Bases have bitter taste and feel slippery for example soap is s slippery to touch ii. they tun red litmus blue iii. they are non-corrosive except concentrated forms of NaOH and KOH iv. their aqueous solutions conduct electric current.

Q3. Define Arrhenius Acid. Give Example?

Ans: According to Arrhenius concept acid is a substance which dissociated in aqueous solution to give hydrogen ions. For example, HCl is an acid because it ionizes in aqueous solution to provide H ions.

Q4. Define Arrhenius base. Give Example?

Ans: According to Arrhenius concept base is a substance which dissociates is aqueous solution to give hydroxide ions. For example, the substance NaOH is a base because it ionizes in aqueous solutions to provide OH ions.

Q5. Define Bronsted and Lowry acid. Ans: An acid is a substance (molecule or ion) that can donate a proton (H) to another substance for example HCI and CH3COOH.

Q6. Define Bronsted Lowry base.

Ans: A base is a substance that can accept a proton (H’) from another substances. For example, H2O and NH3

Q7. Define conjugate acid and base?

Ans: Conjugate Acid: A conjugate acid is a specie formed by accepting a proton by a base, for example H₂O Conjugate Base: A conjugate base is a specie formed by donating a proton by an acid, for example CT

Q8. Define amphoteric.

Ans: A substance that can behave as an acid as well as a base is called amphoteric. For example, water is an amphoteric compound.

Q9. Write down limitations of Bronsted Lowry Concept?

Ans: It has been observed that there are certain substances which behave as acids though they do not have the ability to donate a person e.g. SO3. Similarly, CaO behaves as a base but it cannot accept a proton. These observations prove the limitations of Bronsted Lowry concept of acids and bases. citations

Q 10. Define Lewis-base. Give example?

Ans: A base is substance (molecule or ion) which NH3 donate a pair of electrons for example

Q 11. Define Lewis acids. Give e example

Ans: An acid is a substance (molecule or AlCh and BF3 ion) which h can accept a pair of electrons. For example,

Q 12. Define Adduct?

Ans: The product of any Lewis acid-base reaction is a single specie called an Adduct.

Q 13. Write down the names of three mineral acids.

Ans: Following acids are called mineral acids. Hydrochloric acid (HCI), Sulphuric Acid (H₂SO₄) and nitric acid (HNO3)

Q 14. Write down uses of Sulphuric Acid?

Ans: It is used to manufacture fertilizers, ammonium sulphate, calcium super phosphate, explosives, paints, dyes and drugs. It is also used as an electrolyte in lead storage batteries.

Q 15. Write down uses of Nitric Acid.

Ans: It is used in manufacturing of fertilizer (ammonium nitrate), explosives, paints, drugs, and etching designs on copper plates.

Q 16. Write down uses of Hydrochloric Acid?

Ans: It is used cleaning metals, tanning and in printing industries.

Q 17. Write down uses of Benzonic Acid?

Ans: It is used for food preservation.

Q 18. Write down uses of Sodium Hydroxide?

Ans: It is used for manufacturing of Soap, artificial silk, as laboratory reagent in textile and paper industries.

Q 19. Write down uses of calcium hydroxide.

Ans: It is used for manufacturing of bleaching powder, softening of hard water and neutralizing acidic soil and lakes due to acid rain.

Q 20. Write down uses of potassium hydroxide.

Ans: It is used in alkaline batteries.

Q 21. Write down uses of magnesium hydroxide

Ans: It is use as a base to neutralize acidity in the stoma stings. t is also used for treatment of bee’s

Q 22. Write down uses of Aluminum hydroxide.

Ans: It is used as foaming agent in for extinguishers.

Q 23. Write down uses of ammonium hydroxide.

Ans: It is used to remove grease stains from clothes

Q 24. Define pH. Write down its formula.

Ans: pH is a negative logarithm of molar concentration of the Hydrogen ions. pH-log [H+]

Q 25. Write down uses of pH?

Ans: Few uses of pH Scale are as: It is used to determine acidic or basic nature of a solution It is used to produce medicines, culture at a microbiological particular concentration of H ion It is used to prepare solutions of required concentrations necessary for certain biological reactions.

Q 26. What are indicators. Give Example?

Ans: Indicators are the organic compounds. They have different colors in acidic and alkaline solutions. Litmus is a common indicator. It is red in acid and blue in alkaline solutions.

Q 27. What are universal indicators?

Ans: Some indicators are sued as mixture. The mixture indicators give different colors at different pH values. Hence it is used to measure the pH of a solution. Such a mixed indicator is called universal indicator.

Q 28. Who are analytical chemists?

Ans: Analytical chemists examine substances qualitatively and quantitively. They identify substances and evaluate their properties.

Q 29. Define salts.

Ans: Salts are inorganic compounds generally formed by neutralization of an acid with a base. e.g., sodium chloride (NaCI)

Q 30. What is acid and basic radical?

Ans: Salts are made up of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (Anions). A cation is metallic and derived from a base therefore it is called basic radical. While anion is derived from acids therefore it is called acid radical.

Q31. Write down any two characteristics s of salts.

Ans: salts are ionic compounds found in crystalline form. They have high melting and boiling points. crystalline fi

Q32. Define normal or neural salts.

Ans: A Salt formed by the total replacement of ionizable H ions of an acid by a positive metal ion or NH4 ions is called normal or neutral salt, e.g. NaC1

Q33. Define Acidic salt.

Ans: These salts are formed by partial replacement of H ions of an acid by a positive metal ion. e.g. KHSO4

Q34. Define basic salt.

Ans: Basic salts are formed by the incomplete neutralization of a polyhydroxy base by an acid. e.g. Al(OH): Cl

Q35. Define double salt. Give example.

Ans: Double salts are formed by two normal salts when they are crystallized from a mixture of equimolar saturated solutions. The individual salt components retain their properties. For example, Mohr’s salt FeSO4 (NH4)2SO46H2O

Q36. Define Mixed salt. Give example.

Ans: Mixed salts contain more than one basic or acid radicals. Bleaching Powder Ca(OCl)CI is an example of mixed salts.

Q37. Define Complex salt. Give example?

Ans: Complex salt on dissociation provides a simple cation and a complex anion or vice-verse. Only simple ions yields the characteristics test for cation or anion. e.g., potassium ferrocyanide K4[Fe(CN)6]

Q38. Define neutralization reaction. Give example

Ans: A reaction between an acid and a base is called a neutralization reaction. It produces a salt and water.

Q39. Name three common household substances having a) pH value greater then 7. b) pH value less then 7

Ans: The common house hold substances as: a) pH values greater than 7 i.Soap ii.Detergent iii.Shampoo b) pH values less than 7 i.vinegar ii.Citrus fruits iii.Butter c) pH values equal to 7 i.Water ii.NaC1 iii.Sugar

Q40. Define a base and explain all alkalis are bases, but all bases are not alkalis.

Ans: A base is a substance which turn red litmus to blue and having pH value greater than 7. Water soluble base is called alkali but some bases are not soluble in water, so all alkalis are bases but all bases are not alkalis.

Q41. Define Bronsted-Lowery base and explain with an example that water is Bronsted- lowery base.

Ans: Bronsted-Lowery base is a substance (molecule or ion) which can accept a proton (H) from another substance.

Q42. How can you justify that Bronsted-Lowery concept of acid and base is applicable to non-aqueous solutions?

Ans: According to Bronsted-Lowry concept:

Q43. Which kind a bond forms between Lewis acid and base?

Ans: Coordinate covalent bond forms between Lewis acid and base.

Q44. Why H ion acts as a Lewis acid?

Ans: Because it has an empty orbital that can a a pair of electrons.

Q45. Name two acids used in the manufacture of fertilizers.

Ans: Sulphuric acid and nitric acid both are used in the manufacture of fertilizers.

Q46. Define pH. What is the pH of pure water?

Ans: pH is the negative logarithm of molar concentration of the hydrogen ions, means: pH = -log [H] The pH value of pure water is 7.

Q47. How many times a Solution of pH-1 will be stronger than that of a solution having pH-2?

Ans: Because the pH scale is logarithmic, a solution of pH-1 has 10 times higher concentration of [H] than that of a solution of pH-2

Q48. NazSO4 is a neutral salt while NaHSO4 is an acidic salt justify how?

Ans: Because in Na2SO4, there is total replacement of ionizable H ions. While in NaHSO, the partial replacement of a replaceable H ions of an acid takes place by a positive metal ion. It turns red litmus to blue.

Q49. Give few characteristics of salts.

Ans: There are following characteristics of salt. 1. Salts are ionic compounds found in crystalline form. 2. They have high melting and boiling point.

Q50. How the soluble salts are recovered from water?

Ans: Soluble salts are recovered by evaporation or crystallization.

Q51. How the-insoluble salts are prepared?

Ans: In this method, usually solutions of soluble salts are mixed. During the reaction exchange of ionic radicals (i.e. metallic radicals exchange with acidic radicals) takes place to produce two new salts. One salt is insoluble and other is soluble. The insoluble salt precipitates (solidify in solution) e.g.,

Q52. Why a salt is neutral, explain with an example?

Ans: A salt is formed by the total replacement of ionizable H ions of an acid by a positive metal ion or NH4 ions is called normal or neutral salt. These salts are neutral to litmus

Q53. Name an acid used in the preservation of food.

Ans: Benzoic acid is used for food preservation.

Q54. Name the acids present in vinegar, ant sting, citrus fruit and sour milk.

Ans: The acids in given name is as: 1. Vinegar: Accetic acid 2. Ant sting: Formic acid 3. Citrus fruit: Citric acid 4. Sour milk: Lactic acid Ans: Pb(OH)NO, is a basic salt because it is formed by the incomplete neutralization of a poly hydroxyl base by an acid.

Q55. You are in a need of an acidic salt. How can you prepare it?

Ans: An acidic salt is formed by the partial replacement of a replaceable H ions of an acid by a positive metal ion.

Q56. Which salt is used to prepare plaster of pairs?

Ans: Calcium sulphate (CaSO4.2H2O) is used to prepare plaster of Paris.

Q57. What is the difference between Arrhenius base and Bronsted-lowry base?

Ans: Difference between Arrhenius base and Bronsted-Lowry base Arrhenius base: A base is a substance which dissociates in aqueous solution to give hydroxide ion. (OH) for example NaOH Bronsted-Lowry base: Bronsted-Lowry base is a (H’) from another substance for example (NH3 can accept a proton pstance which.

Q58. What do you mean by neutralization concept? reaction according to Arrhenius acid base

Ans: A neutralization reaction according to Arrhenius concept acid gives H ions and bases gives OH ions.

Q59. Prove that water is an amphoteric species.

Ans: Water is an amphoteric specie because it acts as acid as well as base.

Q60. How can you justify that NHs is Bronsted-Lowry base but not Arrhenius base?

Ans: Ammonia (NH3) is Bronsted-Lowry base because it has the ability to accept a proton (H) but not Arrhenius base because it does not produce hydroxide ion (OH)in aqueous solution.

Q61. State and explain the neutralization reaction according to Lewis concept.

Ans: A neutralization reaction according to Lewis concept is donation and acceptance of an election pair to form a coordinate covalent bond in an adduct.

Q62. Define and Give the characteristics of Lewis acid.

Ans: There are following characteristics of Lewis acids. • Lewis acids, are molecules, in which the central atom has incomplete octet e.g. B*F_{3} AICI3 • Simple cations can act as Lewis acids, since they a are deficient in electrons e.g N a^ + ,Ca^ 2+

Q63. Why BF3 behaves as a Lewis acid?

Ans: BF3 acts as Lewis acid because it accepts a pair of electrons, the central atom has only six e central ate electrons around it, therefore, it accepts an electron pair.

Q64. Water is an amphoteric species according to Bronsted-Lowry concept. What is the nature of water according to Lewis concept?

Ans: According to Lewis concept water acts as Lewis base because it has the ability to donate electron pair.

Q65. When acid reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates, which gas evolves out?

Ans: When acid reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates carbon dioxide (C*O_{2}) gas evolves it. Q66. Which type of salts produce S*O_{2} gas on reacting with acids? Ans: Acids react with sulphate and bi-sulphate to form salts with liberation of sulphur dioxide

Q67. Why pure water is not a strong electrolyte?

Ans: Because water has smaller value of degree of ionization due to presence of strong forces ie Hydrogen bonding

Q68. HCI and H2SO4 are strong acids while their solutions are equimolar, they have different PH values. Why they have different PH values?

Ans: Because H2SO4 is a dibasic acid, so it produces two hydrogen ions while HCI is monobasic acid it produces only one hydrogen ion. That is why both acids have different pH values with their equimolar solutions.

Q69. Difference between “P” and “Ph” value.

Ans: “P” value: P scale is the conversion of very small figures into positive figure by taking the common logarithm of the small figure and multiplying it with “PH” value: pH is the negative logarithm of molar concentration of the hydrogen ions

Q70. Define acid rain?

Ans: Acid rain is formed by dissolving acidic air pollutant like oxides of sulphur and nitrogen by rain water. As a result, pH of the e rain it damages animals, Plants, buildings, water bodies and even soil.

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