1st year Computer Chapter 5 computer Architecture Question an Answers
Shorts and Simple Question an Answers
Q1. What is a computer, and what is computer hardware? Describe one input and one output device.
Ans. Computer: A computer is an electronic machine that processes data based on a set of instructions. It can accept, process, and store data, making it useful for various tasks.
Computer Hardware: Computer hardware consists of the physical components of a computer that you can touch and see. Input/output devices (e.g., mouse, keyboard, printer, monitor), CPU, and memory are examples of computer hardware.
Input Device (Keyboard): An input device like a keyboard is used to provide data and instructions to the computer. It is commonly used to enter text and numeric data into the computer.
Output Device (Printers): An output device, such as a printer, is used to receive processed data from the computer and present it in a format that the user can understand. Printers produce hard copies of output, including characters, symbols, and graphics.
(B) What is the purpose of the Instruction Register (IR) in a computer system?
Instruction Register (IR): The Instruction Register stores instructions fetched from main memory. The control unit uses it to decode and execute instructions by signaling the appropriate computer components to carry out tasks.
(C) Write a short note on Main Memory?
Main Memory: Main memory is where programs and data are stored while the processor actively uses them. It allows the processor to interact with data and instructions quickly. Main memory is often referred to as RAM (Random Access Memory).
(D) Describe the Control Unit (CU)?
Control Unit (CU): The Control Unit is a vital part of the CPU, supervising the computer’s activities. It controls and coordinates other units, receives data and instructions from input devices, stores them in main memory, and manages the execution of instructions.
(E) Define the purpose of the following registers in Computer Systems?
(i) Data Address Register (DAR) (Memory Address Register – MAR): The DAR (or MAR) holds memory addresses of data and instructions, allowing the CPU to access the required memory locations during the execution phase of an instruction.
(ii) Instruction Register (IR): The IR stores instructions fetched from main memory, which are then decoded and executed by the control unit, enabling the computer to perform tasks.
Q2. What is the purpose of the Instruction Register (IR) in a computer system?
Ans. Instruction Register (IR): In a computer system, when an instruction is fetched from the main memory, it is stored in the Instruction Register (IR). The control unit takes instructions from this register, decodes them, and executes them by sending signals to the appropriate computer components to carry out the task.
Q3. Write a short note on Main Memory?
Ans. Main Memory: Main memory is where programs and data are temporarily stored while the processor actively uses them. It is closely connected to the processor, allowing fast data access. Main memory is often referred to as RAM (Random Access Memory).
Q4. Describe Control Unit (CU)?
Ans. Control Unit (CU): The Control Unit is a crucial part of the CPU and serves as the computer’s supervisor. It controls and coordinates all other computer units, receiving data and instructions from input devices and storing them in main memory. The CU manages the execution of instructions, fetching them from the memory unit and decoding and executing them sequentially.
Q5. Define the purpose of the following registers in Computer Systems?
Ans. (i) Data Address Register (DAR): Also known as the Memory Address Register (MAR), it holds memory addresses of data and instructions. The DAR is used to access data and instructions from memory during the execution phase of an instruction, allowing the CPU to read or write data at specific memory locations.
(ii) Instruction Register (IR): The IR stores instructions fetched from the main memory. The control unit extracts instructions from this register, decodes them, and executes them by sending signals to the appropriate computer components to perform the specified tasks.
